6 principal views of orthographic projection pdf

General guidelines pick a front view that is most descriptive. Orthographic projections fprincipal views 1portray objects most simply. Side view is inline horizontally with either top view or front view. Orthographic drawings usually consist of a front view, a side view and a plan, but more views may be shown for complex objects with lots of detail. Orthographic projection a system for graphical representation of an object by a line drawing on a flat surface. Create a multiview drawing using hand tools or cad. Orthographic projection orthographic projection or orthogonal projection is a means of representing a threedimensional object in two dimensions. What are the six principle of orthographic projection answers. A line parallel to a plane of projection will be projected on that plane as. Basic concepts of orthographic projections 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 orthographic problems with solution pdf. At this point, give an introduction to glassbox approach for developing orthographic projection drawings. See more ideas about orthographic projection, orthographic drawing and isometric drawing. Identify the six principal views and the three space dimensions. Chapter six orthographic projection technical drawing.

Figure 4 6 shows an object with its front, top, and rightside orthographic views projected from the object. Orthographic and pictorial views engineering drawing and related documentation practices an american national standard asme y14. Each principle view is created by looking at the object in the directions indicated in figure 12 and drawing what is seen as well as what is hidden from view. In an actual orthographic projection, all of the views are included on the same page.

The 2d drawing represents different sides of an object. We will start with a third angle view then try some first angle views. Orient the object to the best position relative to a glass box 2. Plates ix to xv, inclusive, are to be drawn by the student for practice in applying the principles of orthographic projection, intersections and developments, isometric and oblique projection, and for practice in lettering. Identify normal, inclined, and oblique planes in multiview. In orthographic projection there are 6 principle views of an object, front, top, l side, r side, rear, and back views. Of these views or planes, three are referred to as primary planes of projection vertical, horizontal, and profile. Orthographic projection projection of an object engg drawing.

So the nal orthographic projection matrix to transform the scene into the canonical view volume is p ortho ts 2 6 6 4 2w 0 0 0 0 2h 0 0 0 0 2. Object point a line ab its top view a a b its side view. Projection lines do not touch the object and are drawn perpendicular to the element you are dimensioning. Orthographic projection orthographic or orthogonal projection or sometimes called working drawing is a system of drawings obtained in which the object is viewed at right angle and projected on to a perpendicular plane. Orthographic projection is based on two principal planes one horizontal hp and one vertical vp. Of these views or planes, three are referred to as primary planes of projection vertical. The views are to be shown symmetrically as shown in fig 7 b. This presentation discusses the six principal views of a multiview drawing. Orthographic projection is based on two principal planes one horizontal hp and one vertical vp intersecting each other and forming right angles and quadrants as shown in figure 3. The orthographic view shown in the figure is obtained by viewing the object from the front, hence called front view. The obverse of an orthographic projection is an oblique projection, which is a parallel projection in which the projection lines are not orthogonal to the projection plane. Solutions to draw the missing orthogonal views exercise for introduction to mechanical and mechatronic engineering.

Download this pdf document so that you can access it anytime and print any page that you may want to use the following pages contain information and exercises about orthogonal orthographic drawing term used in victoria term used in new zealand isometric drawing they can be used for. To understand orthographic projection, think of yourself standing in a mirror room. Transfer depth between the top and rightside views. Note that in the projected right plane there are three rectangles. The orthographic projection shows the object as it looks from the front, right, left, top, bottom, or back, and are typically positioned relative to each other according to the rules of either first angle or third angle projection. After studying the material in this chapter, you should be able to. They are top, front, and right side views, arranged together as shown below.

Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Orthographic projections are a collection of 2d drawings that work together to give an accurate overall representation of an object. Orthographic projection 1 what is orthographic projection. A primary auxiliary view is projected onto a plane that is perpendicular to one of the principal planes of projection and is inclined to the other two. When the object is complex from inside therewhen the object is complex from inside, there will be many hidden lines in the projections and it will be difficult to understand the orthographicwill be difficult to understand the orthographic projections. In addition to the 6 principal views front, back, top, bottom, right side, and left side, any auxiliary views or sections may be included as serve the purposes of part definition and its communication. View lines or section lines lines with arrows marked aa, bb, etc. Any view obtained by a projection on a plane other than the horizontal, frontal, and profile projection planes is an auxiliary view. The projection line at the 45 degree angle is required in order to properly locate both the top and right side views with respect to each other and with respect to the front view. Figure 41 shows a threedimensional model and three orthographic views created using thirdangle projection and three orthographic views created using firstangle projection.

Index the elevation draw the end view project new elevation 45. The most commonly used are top, front and right side views. An advantage of orthographic views is that each view shows the object all the way through as if it were transparent. Orthographic projection is 3d objects portrayed on a 2d plane. What are the names of the common views used in orthographic. Originally this drawing system was based on orthographic first angle projection. There are six principal views on six principal planes of projection. Basically it is a way a representing a 3d object on a piece of paper. The 6 principal views are created by looking at the object, straight on, in the directions indicated. List the dimensions that transfer between top, front, and rightside views.

We will start with a third angle view then try some first angle views in the exercises. In some cases, it may be necessary to draw views on both the avps. Same system of notations should be followed incase numbers, like 1, 2, 3 are used. Orthographic projections orthographic projections are a collection of 2d drawings that work together to give an accurate overall representation of an object. In this exercise, we will use autocad to draw the front, top, and right side views of the object shown at the right. These are the front, back, top, bottom, and left and rightside views. It is necessary to show only enough views to show all the features.

Principal views there are six principal views in a multiview orthographic projection. Multiview drawings usually require several orthographic projections to define the shape of a threedimensional object. It is a form of parallel projection, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. Principle views and principle planes of projection. Orthographic projection of a solid orthographic projection of a solid. To recognize colored surfaces and to draw three views 5. Principle views in orthographic projection there are 6 principle views of an object, front, top, l side, r side, rear, and back views. Orthographic projection orthographic projection shows complex objects by doing a 2d drawing of each side to show the main features. Conversion of pictorial views in to orthographic views. The angles formed between the horizontal and the vertical planes are called the first, second, third, and fourth angles, as indicated in the figure. Orthographic projection is the method of representing the exact shape of an object in two or more views, on planes always at right angles to each other by extending perpendiculars from the object to the planes. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Orthographic projection theories and principles of orthographic projection multiview drawing a drawing that shows more than one view of an object. The standard views used in an orthographic projection are.

Technical drawings are based on the fundamental principles. Dvd sections click the titles to link to the activity. An orthographic projection is a 2d representation of a 3d object. Defining the six principal views or orthographic views. You will notice that there is a 1 to 1 correlation between the projectors that intersect the angled projector and the horizontal visible lines in the top view. Using this projection, even the most complex shape can be fully described. Views selection alignment of views orthographic writing steps basic dimensioning tangency and intersections view selection view selection steps 1. You can think of the six views as what an observer would see by moving around an object. This view is prepared by placing the object in front. The three principal dimensions of an object is the height, width, and length. The views are twodimensional, so they show no depth. The 6 principal views are created by looking at the object straight on in the directions indicated.

Pdf created with fineprint pdffactory pro trial version. The object, whose orthographic projection needs to be drawn, is enclosed in a. After the views have been drawn on a sheet of paper notes and dimensions are then added. Projection of points at 90 degrees to a parallel projection plane. Chapter 4 orthographic projection and multiview constructions. Orthographic projection sometimes referred to as orthogonal projection, used to be called analemma is a means of representing threedimensional objects in two dimensions. Ppt orthographic projection powerpoint presentation free. A sketch or drawing should only contain the views needed to clearly and completely describe the object. The top views are the same but are in different locations. Drawing views and orthographic projection i third angle projection. Dimensions are always drawn using continuous thin lines. What are the names of the common views used in orthographic projection. Fundamentals of drafting first angle orthographic projection. The six principal vies of projection are top, front, bottom, left, rightside, and rear.

Following views are formed of an object in orthographic projection. These plates are to be made 11 inches by 15 inches outside, with a margin of 12 inch, making the clear space for the drawing 10 inches by 14 inches. Orthographic projection is universally used in engineering drawing. Multiview drawings and the six principal views slideshare. Orthographic projection types and terminology riansclub. The difference between orthographic projection and any other drawing method is that we use several 2d views of the object instead of a single view. Projections behind every 2d drawing of an object is a. Projected positionsafter the sides of the glass box are unfolded, the sixregular views of the objectfront, top, bottom, right, left, and rear are. Recognize and sketch the symbol for thirdangle projection. What are the six principle of orthographic projection. Generally, the following three views are prepared in the orthographic drawing.

Orthographic drawings are the projection of views on a drawing. Orthographic view a drawing that shows a side of an object viewed directly from 90 degrees. Mar 06, 2012 this presentation discusses the six principal views of a multiview drawing. The term orthographic is sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the principal axes or planes of the object are also parallel with the projection. Normally, the front view is in the lower left corner of the page, the top view is in the upper. Two projection lines indicate where the dimension starts and finishes. These views are called principal views and are arranged in a standard way. Orthographic projection of cone and frustum of cone indranil saha07 foundation programii nift, delhi orthographic projection. Orthographic projection is a method of producing a number of separate twodimensional interrelated views, which are mutually at right angles to each other. Object point a line ab its top view a a b its side view a ab. We now study the orthographic projection in detail. What happens if you unhinge and unfold the faces of the box.

If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Recognize and the symbol for thirdangle projection. Since the plane of the project is verticle, it is called a verticle plane. A drawing can have any combination of views but the three most common views are. For most of the product, three principal views are good enough to describe the product. Although two or three views are enough to reveal an object, the projectors from six directions of the object in the first angle are shown, if necessary. Traditional methods and manual drawing still also may be. Understand which views show depth in a drawing showing top, front, and rightside views.

What are the 10 principles of orthographic projection. Apply standard line practices to multiview drawings. Principal views orthographic projection can be used to describe even complex objects fully and clearly. The most common views drawn of an object in an orthographic drawings are the front view, top view, and right side view. Fig 4 first angle projection fig 5 three views on a plane fig 6 symbol for first angle projection. Slide set 2 drawing views and orthographic projection i. Orthographic projections, continued multiview projections multiview projections are the second major subdivision of orthographic projections. A number of views are projected on to the principal planes and an auxiliary vertical plane. Orthographic projection theories and principles of orthographic projection multi view drawing a drawing that shows more than one view of an object. For engineering drawings, both first angle projection and third angle projection are commonly used. All dimensions less than 1 should have a leading zero. Orthographic projection is the latest standard of technical drawing in which different views are projected into different reference planes observing perpendicular to respective reference plane. These minimally required views are referred to as the necessary views.